紫菀种质资源的评价与分析

Evaluation and Analysis on Germplasm Resources of Aster tataricus L.f.

紫菀具有重要的药用价值,为我国传统常用中药材,开展紫菀种质资源的鉴定和评价,是提高紫菀产量和品质的前提和基础。通过田间性状调查和室内分析,对取自河北安国和安徽亳州的44份紫菀种质进行性状和品质评价,并对种质遗传多样性进行聚类分析。结果显示:影响种苗质量三因素的变异程度为茎毛数>茎粗>芽距,室内发芽试验结果同样显示种苗的茎毛数对发芽率的影响最大,芽距最小;不同种源紫菀间的叶宽差异不明显,不同种源紫菀间的其他性状如叶长、株高和生长势等性状都表现不同程度的变化,不同种源间的干重和紫菀酮含量差异明显,都表现出极显著水平;不同种源间叶长、叶宽和株高与生长势呈显著的正相关,干重和生长势呈显著的负相关性,紫菀的干重和紫菀酮的含量呈负相关性;根据相似系数进行的聚类结果表现出明显的地域性,该研究明确了不同地区的紫菀为适应当地的生态环境,在遗传上发生了适应性的分化、变异,这为优良品种的选择和选育提供了有利的理论依据。

Aster tataricus L. f. is an important and traditional medicinal plant in China but till now no systematic research has been carried out on germplasm resources. As the identification and evaluation of germplasm resources is the premise and base for the biomass and quality improvement,in this paper 44 germplasm resources were collected from its main product area Anguo in Hebei province and Bozhou in Anhui province and agronomic and quality traits had been evaluated based on the data from the field and laboratory. Besides, genetic diversity analysis was conducted by clustering method. The results showed that stem hair number, stem diameter and bud distance were top three influ- encing factors for seedling quality, and in terms of affecting extent are stem hair number, stem diameter and bud dis- tance,which had also been proved by germination experiments. For all materials ,except that no significant difference examined in leaf width, there were some variations in leaf length, plant height and growth potential to some extent. Dry weight and shionone content were different in very significant level. Correlation analysis showed that seedling growth potential had significantly positive relation with leaf length ,leaf width and plant height but had significantly negative relation with dry weight,which had significant negative relation with shionone content. The clustering results based on similarity coefficient showed obvious regional relations. This study clarified that Asters from different regions had ge- netically differentiated correspondingly to adapt to the local ecological environment,which could provide the powerful theory basis and plentiful materials for the identification of elite genes and development of good varieties.