两性离子聚合物的生物应用

Biological Applications of Zwitterionic Polymers

两性离子聚合物具有亲水的阴、阳离子基团,能够高度水化从而具有独特的抗生物污染性能,即能够阻抗非特异性蛋白质的吸附、细菌黏附和生物膜的形成,这种特性使得此类材料在生物医学等相关领域得到越来越多的应用。本文概略介绍了现有两性离子聚合物的抗生物污染机理——空间排斥效应和水化理论。基于抗生物污染性质,两性离子聚合物可用于防污涂层、抗菌涂层、抗凝血材料、生物医学诊断、药物传输、基因传递载体、分离膜以及船体涂料中。本文综述了两性离子聚合物的应用进展,分析了当前研究中需要解决的问题以及发展趋势,并展望了其应用前景。

Zwitterionic polymers have hydrophilic anion and cation groups simultaneously, which make them highly hydrated and render them unique biological antifouling property, i. e. , those polymers can resist nonspecific protein adsorption, bacterial adhesion, and biofilm formation. Such character makes them increasingly applied in a wide range of biological and medical related fields recently. The widely accepted antifouling mechanisms, steric effects and hydration theory, are briefly introduced. Based on the biological antifouling character, zwitterionic polymers can be used in antifouling coatings of medical devices, antimicrobial coatings, anticoagulation coatings, biomedical diagnosis, drug delivery in vivo, gene delivery carriers, membrane separation and marine coatings. The article mainly reviews the progress of those applications. Finally, issues existed in these applications are also discussed and the perspective of these applications are put forward.