不同陆地恢复训练对优秀速度滑冰运动员血液生化指标的影响研究

Effect of Different Land Recovery Training on Blood Biochemical Parameters of the Excellent Skating Athletes

目的:找到有效的陆地恢复性有氧训练手段,促进速滑运动员体能恢复。方法:运用实验法先后将12名优秀速度滑冰运动员分为对照组、亚乳酸阈、130～140次/min、110～120次/min匀速有氧跑组、个体乳酸阈心率-(30～35)次/min和110～120次/min自行车组,在2010年全国速滑联赛哈尔滨站赛后测试不同时间点血乳酸、肌酸激酶、肾上腺素等生化指标,分析对比不同恢复训练对血液生化指标的影响。结果:速滑运动员赛后血乳酸峰值出现在5～10min,且随运动距离不同而存在差异;亚乳酸阈强度匀速有氧跑能有效促进乳酸消除,运动安排适宜时间为20～25员min,也有助于运动后血清肾上腺素恢复;个体乳酸阈心率-(30～35)次/min自行车恢复训练乳酸清除速率及肾上腺素恢复较110～120次/min快,25～30min乳酸基本恢复,但肾上腺素恢复较亚乳酸阈强度匀速有氧跑差;不同恢复组赛后血清CK差异不大。结论:个体乳酸阈心率-(30～35)次/min自行车恢复训练是上述恢复手段中效果最佳的陆地恢复方式,能有效促进速度滑冰运动员疲劳的消除;亚乳酸阈强度匀速有氧跑可促进植物神经系统恢复。

Objective： To find out the effective land recovery training way to improve the speed skating athletes body energy. Methods： 12 excellent skating athletes are divided into control group, the sub-individual lactate, 130 - 140 beats / min, 110 - 120 beats / min threshold Uni- form aerobic running group, the individual lactate threshold reduces 30- 35 beats / min and 110~ 120 beats / rain cycling group by experimenting. The blood lactate, creatine kinase, epi- nephrine blood biochemical parameters were tested after the game of the national speed skating league in Harbin in 2010. The result shows that the peak of blood lactate is 5~10 min in the speed skating athletes after the match, and the time changes with the distance of the athletes. The sub-individual lactate intensity can clear lactate among the threshold uniform aerobic run- ning groups, 20 ~ 25 min is suitable, and can improve the recovery of the serum epinephrine. The individual lactate threshold reduces 30~ 35 beats / rain bicycle recovery group is better than 110~ 120 beats / min in clearing lactate and epinephrine, 25 ~ 30 min is good, but it is worse than the sub-individual lactate intensity group in epinephrine recovering. It is not differ- ent in CK recovery in all groups. Conclusions.. The individual lactate threshold reduces 30~35 beats / min intensity bicycle training is the most effective recovery way of all the groups, and can improve the recovery of exercise-induced fatigue. The sub-individual lactate threshold uni- form aerobic running can improve the recovery of the sympathetic nerve system.