青藏高原区域可持续发展战略探讨

THE STRATEGY OF REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU

青藏高原是中国西部的落后地区 ,开发也必须坚持可持续发展战略。在世纪之交 ,本区社会经济必须同时满足充分就业与社会稳定、效率与公平、保护环境与维护民族及国家利益、经济增长和结构优化四大发展目标。作者认为高原可持续发展的基本模式 ,必须遵循“需求、限制、平等”三大原则 ,确保人口与资源、生态与环境、经济与社会三方面呈良性运行和发展 ;应采取人口有序发展、比较优势资源开发、防御型环境保护、局部区域突破发展和经济社会开放等综合模式 ,并根据可持续发展理论 ,探讨了高原人口与资源、资源与环境、环境与发展、区域与产业等多重关系之间的协调机制 ,提出了高原产业结构调整优化与战略产业选择的途径与措施。

The Qinghai\|Tibet Plateau is one of the undeveloped areas in the hinterland of western China,hence sustainable development strategy should also be implemented in the exploitation of the plateau region.At the turn of the 20th century and transformation stage of socialist market economy,the socio\|economy of the Plateau should meet four strategic objectives,i.e.,sufficient employment and social stability;efficiency and fair;protecting environment and preserving benefits of Tibetan nationality and the state;and economic growth and structural optimization.It is held that the sustainable development of the Plateau should follow three principles of requirement,limitation and fair;ensure the three aspects of population and resources,ecology and environment,and economy and society be in good function and development at the same pace;and take some practical counter\|measures by way of the comprehensive models,including orderly population development,comparative advantageous resources exploitation,defensive environmental protection,local intensive development in some major parts of the region,and omnidirectional opening of the socio\|economy in the Plateau.According to the theory of sustainable development,the paper also discusses the coordinative mechanisms between population and resources,resources and environment,environment and development,and between regions and industries.Finally,certain ways and measures for adjusting the optimal industrial structure and selecting strategic industries for the Plateau are put forward.