青藏高原环境保护对策

COUNTERMEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU

青藏高原地域辽阔 ,地势高亢 ,生态环境独特而又脆弱。严酷的生存环境使其人口稀少 ,经济活动对环境的影响也较弱 ,故高原原始自然面貌基本完好。但是最近数十年间 ,局部地区的水、土、生物与矿产等资源的过度开发与不合理利用 ,不仅使部分资源质量下降 ,也导致局部地区环境趋于恶化 ,诸如草场退化、森林减少、荒漠化土地增大以及一些主要城乡的三废污染日益严重等。所以 ,适当控制人口、适度开发与合理利用资源、加强环境整治与自然保护区建设等乃是协调人地关系 ,保护高原资源与环境 ,促使高原地区经济可持续发展的基本对策。

The Qinghai\|Tibet Plateau with its unique and fragile eco\|environment is a high,frigid and vast region. Owing to its severe natural environment, the population is sparse and the impact of economic activity on environment was weak. Hence the natural conditions were basically intact and its original features maintained. However, since recent decades,the over\|exploitation and irrational utilization of water,land,biological and mineral resources in partial places have led to the quality decline of certain resources and deterioration of environment in some places such as degradation of grassland, reduction of forest coverage, intensification of land desertification as well as obvious environmental pollution in some major urban and rural areas. The fundamental countermeasures for coordinating man\|land relationship,protecting natural resources and eco\|environment and facilitating sustainable economic development of the plateau region include appropriate population control,rational and moderate exploitation and utilization of natural resources, strengthening environmental management and construction of nature protected areas, etc.