泰国学习者汉语单字调习得过程及特点的实验研究

A Research on Process and Characteristics of Chinese Tone Acquisition of Learners from Thailand

对不同水平组的泰国学习者进行汉语声调的感知和声学实验,结果显示,泰国学习者汉语声调习得过程基本为:初级阶段在感知中建立起完善的汉语声调系统,中高级阶段该系统得到保持;初级阶段在发音中建立起汉语声调近似系统,该系统在中高级阶段得到发展,逐渐向汉语声调系统接近,但在高级阶段仍未建立起真正的汉语声调系统。与母语无声调学习者进行对比,泰国学习者习得汉语声调的的主要特点为:受母语声调的影响,采用自上而下的加工模式,对汉语声调的感知具有明显优势,但受母语声调特征的干扰,发音中汉语声调近似系统持续时间较长,较难建立真正的汉语声调系统。本文提出相应的教学建议。

Perceptual and acoustic experiments of Chinese Tone are conducted on learners of various learning levels from Thailand, and the process of acquisition of Chinese tone proved by the results can be summarized into： In perception, perfect Chinese tone system is established at the pri- mary stage, and maintained at middle and advanced stages. In pronunciation, proxial Chinese tone system is established at the primary stage, and developed at the middle and advanced stages. This system is approaching Chinese tone system gradually. But real Chinese tone system is not established at advanced stage. Compared with learners whose native language is without tone, the main charac- teristics at learning Chinese tone of learners from Thailand can be summarized into： Influenced by tone of native language, top-down processing mode is adopted and has obvious advantages in Chinese tone perception. However, because of the interference of native language, proxial Chinese tone sys- tem continues for a rather long time in pronunciation and it is difficult to establish real Chinese tone system. Some suggestions are also put forward in this paper for the improvement of teaching.