谓词的典型性对其作主宾语功能的制约

The Constraints of Predicate Typicality on Predicate’s Functions as Subject and Object

动词与形容词的典型性制约着它们用作主宾语的功能。一般来说,动词的典型性越强,越不易于直接作主宾语;典型性越弱,越易于直接作主宾语。与之相反,形容词的典型性越强,越易于直接作主宾语;典型性越弱,越不易于直接作主宾语。典型动词与典型形容词在用作主宾语的方向上存在对立,主要原因是词类意义的制约以及邻近原则的作用。这种制约性表明汉语为倾向于"形—名"类型的语言。

The typicality of verbs and adjectives constrain its functions as subject and object. Usually, the higher the typicality of a verb is, the less likely it is to function as subject and object ;the lower the typicality it is, the more likely it is to function as subject and object. On the contrary, the higher the typicality of an adjective is, the more likely it is to function as subject and object ; the lower the typicality of it is, the less likely it is to function as subject and object. The semantic char- acteristics and the function of proximity principle are the factors that constraint the opposite tendency in which typical verbs and typical adjectives are used as subject or object. This indicates that Chi- nese tends to be a language of Adjective-Noun-type.