棉花膜下滴灌干播湿出土壤水盐变化与耗水规律试验研究

Soil Salt Transfer Law and Water Consumption Characteristics for Cotton with Drip Irrigation under Mulch with Dry Sowing and Wet Seedling

新疆南疆每年冬春灌需要消耗大量水资源,为了探索棉花生育期节水控盐滴灌技术,通过田间试验,对干播湿出膜下滴灌棉田在284、339、369和399mm灌溉定额下土壤水盐、棉花耗水规律和产量效应进行初步研究,研究表明:免冬春灌使棉田土壤盐分主要积累在0～30cm之间;干播湿出可满足棉花出苗要求的土壤水盐环境;棉花生育期内284mm灌溉定额土壤处于积盐状态,339、369和399mm灌溉定额土壤处于脱盐状态;棉花生育期耗水峰值出现在7月30日-8月20日(播后93～113d)之间;免冬春灌棉花滴灌定额369mm以上可获得较高籽棉产量。研究结果可为干旱区棉田少、免冬春灌棉花膜下滴灌水盐调控技术提供参考。

South Xinjiang spring and winter irrigation consumes a large amount of water resources every year.In order to explore controlling salt and water irrigation methods for cotton.Based on measured date in fields,reseach is done on soil water and salt content,ET and yield change for cotton field with drip irrigation under the plastic mulch through different irrigation quotas of 284 mm,339 mm,369 mm and 399 mm for four treatments.The results show that the accumulation of soil salt in 0~30 cm of soil vertical direction,dry sowing and wet seedling method can meet the demand of soil water and salt environment for cotton seedling,284 mm irrigation quota deposited soil salt but 339 mm,369 mm and 399 mm irrigation quota desalination soil salt in the cotton growth period.Cotton growth peak consumption water appears in 7.30~8.20（after sowing 93 d to 113 d）.No-winter and spring irrigation of cotton above 369 mm drip irrigation quota can obtain higher seed cotton yield.The results serve as a reference for water and salt regulation of cotton with drip irrigation under mulch for no-winter and spring irrigation in arid areas.