世界观差异对公众参与水资源管理的影响研究——以黑河中游甘州区为例

Effect of Worldview Differences on Public Participation in Water Resources Management:a case study of Ganzhou District in the Middle Heihe River Basin

公众参与管理被认为是自然资源可持续管理的重要手段,但目前推行的并不是十分成功。一般来说,参与式管理的影响因素主要包括利益相关者权力的不平等和世界观的差异。针对世界观差异,以用水者协会这一公众参与水管理组织较发达的黑河中游甘州区为例,通过设计问卷实地调查获取数据,运用文化理论和聚类分析法判定公众的世界观,特别是对自然和水资源的认知状况,采用肯德尔和谐系数度量不同群体的世界观与水资源管理策略的一致性,从而判定公众参与水资源管理的决定性影响因素。结果表明:该地区公众世界观主要有4种,即等级-平均主义、等级-个人主义、个人-等级主义和强烈等级主义,其中等级主义世界观影响了绝大多数公众世界观。4种世界观与其相应水资源认知之间肯德尔和谐系数较小,表明该地区公众世界观对参与水资源管理的影响程度较低,权力不平等的影响可能更大。分析结果有助于为该地区顺利实施和规范公众参与水资源管理提供决策支持。

Public participation management is viewed as an important means of promoting the sustainable management of natural resources.However,participation management is not always successful.Generally speaking,Stakeholders＇power inequalities and worldview differences are main factors that can severely affect the participatory management processes.Aiming at worldview differences,the author choose Ganzhou district in the middle Heihe River basin developed in Water Users ＇Association（WUA） as a research object,obtain data by the questionnaire survey,estimate local people＇ worldview by cultural theory and clustering analysis,especially people＇s cognition for natural and water resources,and weigh the consistency between worldview of different groups and the strategy of Water resources management by the Kendall＇W to identify the definitively affecting factors of public participation in water resources mannagement.Results show that there are four main worldviews in this area,including hierarchism-equalitarianism,hierarchism-individualism,individualism-hierarchism and strong hierarchism,among which hierarchism worldview plays an important role for the public.The Kendall＇W between different worldviews and corresponding Water resources management strategy is lower.It indicates that the public worldview in this area is secondary factor that affects participation in water resource management.Stakeholders＇power inequalities may be a definitively affecting factor.The analysis of the results will do great to provide decision-making support to smoothly carry out and standardize public participation water resource management.