汉语有标并列词语考察——对汉语“意合”特征的重新审视

A Survey of Chinese Coordinate Phrases with Obligatory Coordinate Markers: A Re-examination of "Feature of Parataxis" of Chinese

从现有关于汉语"意合"特征的研究看,对复句的研究比较充分,而对句子其他层次的研究则不多。本文通过对汉语并列词语并列标记必有情形和汉语并列词语并列标记句法分布特征的考察,可以看出汉语的"意合"在并列词语中不具有普遍性。所谓"意合",主要表现在汉语复句的分句相互联结时较少用连接词,是否渗透到汉语句法结构的各个层面,是值得怀疑的;所谓重意合,只是汉语相对英语而言的一种句法倾向,而不能片面夸大汉语的"意合"特征。

The view of ＂feature of parataxis＂ of Chinese is mostly based on the study of Chinese complex sentences, whereas there are few literatures to prove this feature in other levels of Chinese sentence structures. From the survey of the conditions of Chinese coordinate phrases with obligatory coordinate markers and the syntactic distributions of the obligatory markers, this paper finds that parataxis is not universal in Chinese coordinate phrases, and concludes that the so-called ＂feature of parataxis＂ of Chinese mainly refers to the fact that Chinese complex sentences may lack an overt connective between clauses, but it is still doubtful whether parataxis is universal to all levels of Chinese sentences structures, so the claim that Chinese is characterized by parat＆xis might not he well-grounded. Actually, in contrast with English, parataxis is a typical syntactic tendency in Chinese, so we cannot exaggerate to take parataxis as typical syntactic feature of Chinese.