可认证的多方量子秘密共享协议

Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol with Authentication

利用Bell态的特性,提出一个可认证多方量子秘密共享协议.在协议中,秘密消息分发者通过局域幺正操作将两比特的经典秘密消息编码到量子载体中,并利用量子纠缠将其分割传输给n个代理人.每个代理人对手中的粒子进行Bell测量,以获得各自的子秘密.在消息重构过程中,当且仅当这n个代理人协作才能恢复出共享的秘密消息.同时,结合经典Hash函数对分发者和代理人的身份进行认证,实现双向认证的功能.最后,对协议的安全性和认证性进行了详细的讨论,表明所提方案在理论上是安全的.此外,本方案的实现只涉及到Bell态的制备和测量,这在现有的技术条件下是可行的.

Utilizing the advantage of Bell state,a multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol with authentication is put forward.In the protocol,the deal encodes two classical bits of secret message on the quantum carrier though performing local unitary operation.He splits the secret message into n shares and then distributes them to n agents via entanglement swapping.Each agent makes a Bell state measurement on the particles in his hand,and obtains his piece of secret according to the measurement result.In the process of reconstruction,these n agents declare respectively their pieces of secret,and recover the secret message if and only if they collaborate.At the same time,combining the technology of Hash function,the identities of the deal and the agents are authenticated.Hence,one main goal of designing the presented protocol,two-way authentication,is achieved.Moreover,we analyze the security and authentication of the presented protocol in detail.It is shown that this protocol can stand against the attacks of outside eavesdropper and inside participant,which means that it is secure in theory.In addition,since the Bell state was used at most,as compared with other quantum secret sharing protocols,the implementation of the presented protocol is more feasible in the current technical conditions.