我国城市地区机动车污染现状与趋势

Current Situation and Trend of Motor Vehicle Exhaust Pollution in Urban Areas of China

北京、广州和上海近 1 0多年机动车保有量年均增长速率分别为 1 6 4 % ,1 6 5%和 1 3 4 % ,这些城市大约 80 %的CO和 4 0 %的NOx 来自于机动车排放。其结果是导致城区大气环境近 1 0a来NOx 浓度逐年上升 ,已成为广州和北京等少数特大城市的首要污染物 ;街道大气环境中NOx 和CO日均浓度远远超过国家大气环境质量二级标准 ,其污染程度比城区整体环境更为严重 ;已存在严重的光化学烟雾污染 ,预测表明城区未来大气环境中O3浓度的高低取决于机动车的排放量。因此 ,我国城市地区大气污染正由煤烟型污染向机动车尾气污染转化。

The average annual growth rate of the vehicle population in Beijing,Guangzhou and Shanghai are 16.4,16.5 and 13.4 percent respectively since 1980's,and the contributions of vehicle to CO and NO x emissions of these cities are over 80% and near 40% respectively.As a result,NO x yearly average concentration in urban area has increased year by year,and NO x has become the pollutant of the first importance in a few big cities such as Guangzhou and Beijing.The daily average concentrations of NO x and CO in street(road)atmosphere have greatly exceeded the second class of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards,and the pollution situation on street is more serious than that of the general urban area.The photochemical smog phenomenon has already existed in these urban areas and the pollution is getting more and more serious,and it is predicted that the O 3 concentration in the air of urban areas is depended on the vehicle emissions.It is indicated that the air pollution in these urban areas is in a transition from coal burning caused problem to vehicle exhaust related pollution.