内蒙古乌拉盖草原地区土地开发对景观生态格局的影响

Impact on Landscape Pattern with Land Exploitation in Ulagai Steppe Region,Inner Mongolia

景观生态格局的形成和景观生态过程的进行都是多因子长期相互作用的结果 ,本文对内蒙古乌拉盖地区在三个时期的土地开发中景观多样性、优势度、均匀度和分离度进行了研究。分析结果表明 :1 .相对均质的景观在开发的早期 ,景观多样性、优势度、均匀度趋于增高。2 .在人工景观中 ,景观分离度与人为活动强度成正相关 ,而自然景观则相反。 3 .研究土地开发的动态对景观生态格局的影响具有重要现实意义 ,近 3 0多年以来 ,农牧业开发活动已成为景观生态过程的主导因素。

The landscape ecological pattern and process are the long-term interactional results.In this paper,the landscape diversity,dominance,homogeneity and separation degree were studied in three land exploitation phases in the Ulagai region,Inner mongolia.The analyzed results show that:1.The landscape diversity,dominance and homogeneity went to increase in the early phase for the relative homogeneous ladscape; 2.The landscape separation degree had positive relationship with the human activity in the man-made landscapes,but the other way in the natural landscape; 3.It has important meanings to study on the impacts on landscape ecological pattern with the dynamics of land exploitation,because the exploiting activity of agriculture and animal husbandry have been the main factors in ecological process for last 30 years.