大量胸腔积液中心静脉导管引流并腔内药物治疗的护理

Nursing for patients with massive pleural effusion by treatment of central venous catheter drainage with intracavitary medication

目的探讨中心静脉导管在治疗胸腔积液及胸腔化疗时的作用和护理要点。方法对20例胸腔积液患者在B超定位下行胸腔穿刺并留置中心静脉导管，间断引流或抽吸胸腔积液后注入化疗药物，做好导管护理，观察护理效果。结果20例患者均成功置管并顺利完成治疗，置管时间5--21d，无1例出现气胸、导管脱落、感染等严重并发症。结论置管后定期换药，保持引流管通畅，防止导管扭曲、脱落是成功治疗的关键，规范化护理大大减轻了患者的痛苦。

Objective To explore effect of central venous catheter on the treatment of pleu- ral effusion and pleural chemotherapy and its nursing points. Methods 20 patients with pleural ef- fusion underwent pleural puncture and central venous catheterization under type B ultrasonic local- ization, and chemotherapy drugs were infused after intermittent drainage or pleural effusion extrac- tion. Qualified nursing of catheter was necessary, and nursing effect was observed as well. Results 20 patients completed catheterization and treatment successfully, and duration of catheterization was 5 to 21 days. No patient had severe complication such as pneumothorax, catheter shedding and infection. Conclusion Periodical change of medicine after catheterization, unobstructed drainage tube as well as prevention of catheter distortion and shedding are important keys for successful treat- ment. Furthermore, the normalized nursing can reduce patients＇sufferings enormously.