喙果鸡血藤等植物在石灰岩山地植被恢复中的应用

The application of vegetation restoration in Calcareous rock mountain with Millettia tsui etc species

采用保留现有灌木、乔木或乔木幼苗以及藤本植物而只对杂草进行清除的林地清理与抚育方法和穴垦整地等配套技术的生态造林方式,将喙果鸡血藤、凌霄花、扶芳藤、绿爬山虎、龙须藤、常春藤、五指那藤等7种藤本植物和金钱松、棱角山矾、湿地松、木荷、柔毛油杉、光蜡树、飞蛾槭、柏木、圆柏等9种乔木树种在湖南省"高铁"沿线的石灰岩山地进行示范营造,其初步结果是:①藤本植物成活率和保存率最高的是凌霄花,分别为98%和95%,最差的是龙须藤,分别为90%和85%,藤本植物的平均成活率和保存率分别为94.29%、90.14%;乔木树种的成活率和保存率最高的是光蜡树,分别为98%和95%,最差的是棱角山矾,分别为83%和80%,乔木树种的平均成活率和保存率分别为93.33%、88.33%,总体成活率和保存率分别为93.19%、89.13%;②在轻度或中度石漠化地方,喙果鸡血藤等缠绕类藤本植物比扶芳藤等吸固类藤本植物长势要好;③在造林的乔木树种中,造林前期,棱角山矾、光蜡树和飞蛾槭比金钱松和柔毛油杉生长要好、要快,且光蜡树和飞蛾槭的造林成活率和保存率比其它乔木树种要高。

Using eco-afforestation mode and the assorted technology with dug-hole methods,and forest land cleaning and forest tending methods reserving shrub and arbor and springwood and liana,and only cleaning weed,the application demonstration forest of seven liana species-Millettia tsui,Campsis grandiflora,Euonymus fortunei,Parthenocissus laetivirens,Bauhinia championii,Hedera nepalensis var.sinensis,Stauntonia hexaphylla and nine arbor species—Pseudolarix amabilis,Symplocos tetragona,Pinus elliottii,Schima superba,Fraxinus griffithii,Acer oblongum,Cupressus funebris,Sabina chinensis,Keteleeria pubescens were constructed in calcareous rock mountain beside ＂China Railway High-speed＂ in Hunan Province,The primary results showed as follows： ① Liana species average survival rate and preservation rate is 94.29 %、90.14 % respectively,and C.grandiflora＇s survival rate and preser-vation rate is best of all and 98 %、95 % respectively,and B.a championii＇s survival rate and preservation rate is lowest and 90 %、85 % respectively;Arbor species average survival rate and preservation rate is 93.33 %、88.33 % respectively,and F.griffithii＇s survival rate and preservation rate is best of all and 98 %、95 % respectively,and S.tetragona＇s survival rate and preservation rate is lowest and 83 %、80 % respectively;All species average survival rate and preservation rate is 93.19 %、89.13% respectively.② M.tsui etc twining type liana species grow better than E.fortunei etc adhering type liana species in middle and low-grade stony desertification.③ Among nine arbor species,S.tetragona,F.griffithii,A.oblongum grow better and faster than P.amabilis and K.pubescens and the survival rate and preservation rate of F.griffithii and A.oblongum are higher than other arbor species＇s.