两广地区东南亚留学生眼中的中国国家形象

Southeast Asian Students Evaluation of China’s National Image:A Survey of Guangdong and Guangxi Area

以往关于外国人眼中中国国家形象的研究主要建立在对二手文献和其他定性资料的分析上,难以将其研究发现推论到更大的总体。作者尝试采取判断抽样和分层抽样的方式对两广地区的15所学校的东南亚十国来华留学生进行调查,问卷中根据国家形象所应包含的不同内容设置了多组变量,以测量这些留学生对中国国家形象的评估。通过对问卷数据进行统计分析后发现:东南亚来华留学生对中国国家形象的评分高于印度,但低于美国和日本,也低于东南亚国家;总体上来自中南半岛国家的留学生对中国形象的评分高于来自东南亚海岛国家留学生的评分;在他们对中国形象的评分中,硬实力方面的评分相对较高且来华后高于来华前,而软实力方面的评分较低而且来华后的评分亦低于来华前。这种状况与东南亚留学生来华前后了解中国的渠道、与中国人的交往程度、其所在国与中国的关系等因素有关。中国欲构建良好的国家形象,务必在促进国内经济社会协调发展的同时,更好地向海外展示自身的形象,从而使国际社会更加真实、全面地了解中国的发展成就与不足。

Most researches on China’s national image were mainly based on second-hand or qualitative data, and it’s difficult to make inferences from their findings. In this paper, foreign students in China are selected as the sample of the survey. Judgment sampling and stratified sampling procedure were used in this survey on 15 universities in Guangdong and Guangxi, Considering that national image is composed of different contents, multiple indicators of variables are designed in the questionnaire for measuring the assessment of China’s national image of the Southeast Asian students in China. The author finds that the evaluation score on China’s national image from Southeast Asian students is higher than that on India, but lower than scores on the United States and Japan and Southeast Asian countries; the rating scores of students from different countries are different. The evaluation score on China’s hard power when they have been in China is higher than before; on the contrary, the score on China’s soft power after they have been in China is lower. These results are related to three influential factors: their different ways to understand China, their relations with Chinese students, and the relationship between their home countries and China. The best way for China to have a good national image in the world is doing China’s own business well, and making propaganda for the international society to get to know the real China.