三峡工程与可持续发展

Three Gorges Project and Sustainable Development

三峡工程规模宏大,举世瞩目,具有巨大的防洪、抗旱、发电、航运等综合效益,是开发治理长江的骨干工程.它的建成,促进我国经济、社会、资源与环境相互协调和可持续发展.三峡工程对生态与环境产生广泛而深远的影响,它的有利影响主要在长江中下游,能有效地控制洪水、防涝抗旱、提供清洁能源、改善长江航运;不利影响主要在库区,形成库区淹没和大量移民.三峡工程建设要使有利影响得到充分发挥,并采取有效措施;做好可行性论证、环境影响评价、阶段性评估、后评估和后续工作,使不利影响得到减免.环境保护是一项基本国策.可持续发展是满足当代人及其子孙后代需求能力的发展.我国制订了《中国21世纪议程—中国21世纪人口、环境与发展白皮书》,它是促进我国经济可持续发展的指导性文件.三峡工程已于1993年12月开工,1997年11月大江截流,2003年6月水库蓄水、永久船闸通航,7月第一批机组发电;2009年全部工程竣工投产.三峡工程将促进西部大开发与长江流域可持续发展,对中国的能源和经济建设做出最大的贡献,也是对长江流域最大的生态与环境保护.三峡工程是一项可持续发展工程.

The Three Gorges Project （TGP） on the Yangtze River （YR） is the largest hydropower plant in the world. Possessing comprehensive benefits mainly for flood control, drought relief, power generation and navigation improvement, TGP would be a vital important and backbone project in harnessing and developing of the YR. It would promote the economy, society, resources and environment mutual coordination and sustainable development in the YR basin, accelerate the development of Chinese economy. The environment impact of TGP will be widespread and profound. The major favorable benefits will be produced on the middle and lower YR; such as effectively control the flood, fight the drought and provide huge quantity of clean energy. Whereas its main negative impact will be exerted on the upper reaches; such as large amount of farmland inundated and population relocated. We should give full play to its favorable benefits and take effective mitigation measures to its negative impact. Environmental protection is the basic policy of China. ＂Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs＂. The Chinese Government has issued ＂China＇s Agenda 21- White Paper on Chings Population, Environment and Development in the 21st Century＂. This is the guiding document designed to effectively balance the protection of environment and natural resources with sustainable development. TGP was commenced in Dec. 1993, the YR was diverted on Nov. 8 1997, the first hydro- generator unit had been put into operation in July 2003, and the whole project completed in 2009. TGPwould promote the exploitation of the West China and the sustainable development to the YR; make greatest contribution to green energy resources and economy development, beneficial to eco-environment protection and low carbon economy. TGP would be a sustainable development project.