沙皇彼得一世在北方战争期间的外交策略

On Peter's Foreign Policy during the Northern War

北方战争（1700年-1721年）是俄国为争夺波罗的海的出海口及取代瑞典在北欧的霸权地位而蓄意挑起的一场战争，它历时21年，几乎所有的欧洲国家都被卷入，而且关系复杂。期间，俄国采取的外交策略为其赢得战争的胜利创造了条件。战争分为两个阶段：第一阶段，俄国采取的外交策略是以波兰为主要对象，不仅把波兰拖入战争的泥潭，而且把波兰变为主要战场，使波兰遭到极大的削弱；第二阶段，俄国则以英国为主要外交对象，不仅成功地阻止了英国的干涉，而且迫使瑞典签定了对俄国极为有利的尼什塔特条约。

The No,hem War（1700-1721） was a deliberately provoked war by Russian to compete for the Baltic Sea and replace the hegemony of Sweden in the Nordic. It lasted 21 years, almost all European countries were involved, and the relationship was complex. In this period, Russian foreign poliey created the conditions for winning the war. This war was divided into two stages. The first stage, Russian foreign policy took Poland as the major object, not only taking Poland into a war quagmire, but also making Poland the main battlefield, therefore Poland force was greatly weakened. In the second stage, Russia took Britain as the main foreign objeet, not only sueeeeding in preventing the British interference, but also forcing Sweden to sign the Nishtadtski Peace Treaty extremely favorable to Russia. This paper intends to discuss Peter＇s foreign policy in the two phases.