施氯量对丽江烤烟烟叶生长·产量和化学成分的影响

Effects of Chloride Application Rate on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Lijiang

[目的]为寻找丽江金沙江河谷地区烟田适宜施氯量。[方法]试验设置6个施氯量处理(KCl 0、30、45、90、135、180 kg/hm2),比较各处理的烤烟生长、产质量表现。[结果]随施氯量增加,烟株的团棵期、现蕾期分别提前了2～3、3～5 d,终采期及大田期均延长了1～7d,烟株株高增加3.55～7.78 cm。增施氯使产量、产值、均价、上等烟比例、中上等烟比例分别提高了0.59%～10.70%、3.75%～10.92%、4.05%～8.56%、6.25%～28.13%、2.35%～5.88%。当施氯量为KCl 180 kg/hm2时虽产量最大,但较对照均价已下降0.82元/kg。施氯较为一致地提高了各部位烟叶的含氮量、含氯量,均降低了烟叶烟碱含量。施氯量效应表现为上部>中部>下部。施氯提高了上部烟叶的总糖含量,而降低了中部、下部烟叶的总糖含量。[结论]从烟叶的可用性和经济效益综合考虑,以KCl 135 kg/hm2为丽江砂质冲积型水稻土最佳施氯量。

[Objective] In order to select the best chloride application rate for flue-cured tobacco in valley of Jinshajiang river in Lijiang.[Method] Six kinds of chloride application rate with KCl 0（CK）,30,45,90,135,180 kg/hm2 were set up,and the effects of chloride application rate on growth,yield and quality were tested.[Result] The results showed that,along with the increase of chloride application rate,the rosette stage,bud emergence stage were respectively advanced by 2-3,3-5 d,while last harvest date,growing period in field all delayed by 1-7 d.With chloride application increase,yield,output value,average price,ratio of superior tobacco leaf and ratio of superior-middle tobacco leaf respectively increase with 0.59%-10.70%,3.75%-10.92%,4.05%-8.56%,6.25%-28.13%,2.35%-5.88%.Although the amount of KCl 180 kg/hm2 have a maximum yield,but the average price reduced by 0.82 CNY/kg against CK.Chloride application generally increased the total nitrogen,chlorine of all leaves,while reduced the nicotine of all leaves.The chloride effect followed by upper leavescutter leaveslower leaves.In term of leaf position on the stem,chloride application improved the total sugar of upper leaves,while reduced the sugar of cutter leaves and lower leaves.[Conclusion] In the view of tobacco availability and economic benefit,the best chloride application rate was KCl 135 kg/hm2.