高感黑胫病烟草种质的繁种入库及多样性保护

Seed Propagation of Key Technology for High Sense Tobacco Black Shank Germplasm Resource

[目的]探究确保高感黑胫病的烟草种质资源能繁殖到足够的种子入库的方法。[方法]采用不同的药剂处理土壤和不同类型的土壤开展盆栽试验,比较了盆栽试验与田间试验的收种量,并于次年用筛选出的生红土盆栽法进行了繁种验证试验。[结果]斯美地、庄伯伯、甲霜灵锰锌等药剂有一定防止黑胫病发生的前期效果,但最终还是难以控制病害的发生,黑胫病发病率为74.70%～100%,病情指数为61.36～95.56;而采用生红土壤种植感病种质能有效防止病害发生,黑胫病发病率为25.00%,病情指数为10.33;盆栽试验平均单株收种量高于田间试验;次年繁种验证试验显示,生红土盆栽法使多年种植未能收到种子的高感黑胫病的烟草种质繁殖到足够的种子入库。[结论]该繁种方法能有效防止特殊种质因繁殖不到种子而失传的危险,从而使种质资源遗传多样性得到保护。

[Objective] The aim was to explore a propagation method of enough seed to store for the high sense tobacco black shank germplasm resources.[Method] Potted plant testing was carried out by using different types of soil and different methods of soil disposal with medicament,and then the seed harvest quantity per plant of potted plant testing was compared with field test.Besides,propagate seed verification test was carried out by using screened new red soil in next year.[Result] Metham-sodium,calcium cyanamide and metalaxyl mancozeb had certain prophase effect on black shank,but they controlled the occurrence of the disease difficultly,with the incidence of black shank of 74.70%-100% and the disease index of 61.36-95.56.While the susceptible germplasm resources planting by using new red soil could control the occurrence of black shank effectively,with the incidence of the disease of 25.00% and the disease index of 10.33.The average seed harvest quantity per plant of potted plant was more than that of in the field.The result of next-year propagate seed verification test showed that if new red soil was used for potted plant,it could control the disease and propagate enough seed to store.[Conclusion] This propagate seed method could effectively control special germplasm resources to lose,so it is good for application.