4种重金属对克氏原螯虾的急性毒性研究

Study on the Acute Toxicity of 4 Kinds of Heavy Metals to Procambarus clarkii

[目的]研究4种重金属对克氏原螯虾的急性毒性作用。[方法]采用静水生物测定法,研究重金属Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb对克氏原螯虾24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)及安全浓度(SC值)。[结果]克氏原螯虾的死亡率随金属浓度的升高而增大,表现出明显的剂量—效应关系。4种重金属对克氏原螯虾的急性毒性顺序为Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb。根据毒物的分级标准,Cd和Cu对克氏原螯虾为中毒物,其SC值分别为0.037 4和0.052 8 mg/L,均高于渔业水质标准。Zn和Pb对于克氏原螯虾是低毒物质,其SC分别为0.220 9和0.753 8 mg/L,均远高于渔业水质标准。96 h联合试验表明,Cu+Pb组合对克氏原螯虾的毒性表现为协同作用。[结论]克氏原螯虾对这4种重金属的耐受性均较高。

[Objective] The research aimed to study the acute toxicity of 4 kinds of heavy metals to Porcambarus clarkii.[Method]Using stagnophile test method,the median lethal concentration（LC50）and safe concentration（SC） of 24,48,72and 96 h of heavy metals（Cd,Cu,Zn and Pb）to P.clarkii were studied.[Result] The mortality of P.clarkii increased with the increase of heavy metals＇ concentration,showing an obvious dose-effect relationship.The acute toxicity of 4 kinds of heavy metals to P.clarkii was as follows：Cd Cu Zn Pb.According to classification standards of toxic chemicals,Cd and Cu were middle toxicant to P.clarkii,and their SC values were 0.037 4 and 0.052 8 mg/L respectively,which were all higher than the standard of fishery water quality.Zn and Pb were low toxicant to and their SC values were 0.220 9 and 0.753 8 mg/L respectively.96 joint test showed that the toxicity of（Cu＋Pb） to P.clarkii showed a synergistic effect.[Conclusion] P.clarkii showed high tolerance to these four kinds of heavy metals.