中国国家权力垂直配置新论——基于国家结构形式的视角

New Interpretation of Vertical Allocation of the Chinese Governmental Powers:Analysis from the Perspective of the National Structure

中国现行宪法关于国家权力的垂直配置的制度,被作为"国家结构形式"的内容予以探讨,并将中国具体的国家结构形式定性为"单一制国家结构形式"。然而,从国家结构形式的原理上考察,与同为社会主义制度的东盟国家越南类似,中国(除台湾地区外)中央与地方权力配置规则除了以分权(decentralization)为前提的中央与特别行政区这一具备国际社会地方自治特征的制度设计外,由于传统注重中央集权的"单一制"观念影响与人民代表大会制度自下而上的"地方自治"性质的内在张力,中国大陆无论是中央与一般行政区域,还是中央与民族自治地方,并不存在单一、连贯的垂直权力配置逻辑。这种状况导致中国大陆中央与地方权力法治化面临无解困局。

Under the Chinese Constitution, Vertical Allocation System of the Chinese Governmental Pow- ers, was discussed as the content of National Structure by many authoritative scholars, and the Chinese nation- al structure was characterized as an unitary system. However, if examined in terms of national structure, ex- cept the relationship between the Central Government and the Special Administrational Government which is based on decentralization is characteristic of local - governmental quality, similar to the socialist country Viet- nam, the relationships between the Central Government and the General Administrative Government and be- tween the Central Government and the Ethnic Autonomous Regional Government are completely different. There is no single, coherent logic in the national powers vertical allocation due to the People~ Congress System which has the nature of the bottom - up local self - government. Therefore the reasonable legal relationship be- tween the Central Government and the Local Government in China's Mainland will not be achieved.