中国贫富悬殊的成因与对策:制度层面的考察

The Causes and Countermeasures of Extreme Disparity between the Rich and the Poor in Current China:From the Perspective of Institution

制度是关于人或组织的行为规范、规则和惯例的总和,它规定并塑造着个人或组织的行为。不合理的制度能够加剧贫富悬殊,而合理的制度则可以控制并缩小贫富悬殊。当前中国贫富悬殊现象已经到了非常严重的地步,并且多项研究表明中国的贫富差距存在继续扩大的趋势。在制度转型的过程中,制度的不完善和不合理是造成贫富悬殊的重要原因,因此从制度层面采取切实可行的政策措施来遏制贫富悬殊的进一步扩大至关重要。当前,应理顺收入分配体制,利用税收杠杆调节过高收入,缩小居民个人收入差距;促进城乡平衡发展和区域经济协调发展,缩小城乡差距和地区差距;建立健全社会保障体系,促进社会和谐发展。

The institution is the sum of norms duct, which prescribes and shapes the behavior of stitution can exacerbate the disparity between the ＇fi even narrow the disparity between the rich and the rent China, and a number of studies show that the of individuals or organizations con- ons. It seems that unreasonable in- reasonable institution can Control or poor. Disparity has become disparity tends to continue. a very serious problem in cur- In the process of institutional transformation, the institution exists imperfect and unreasonable elements which lead to the disparity between the rich and .the poor in China. Therefore, from the perspective of institution, it is crucial to make practical policy and take effective measures to control further weidenin＇s the disparity between the rich and the poor in China. Presently, the income distribution system should be reformed by means of tax leverage to regulate ex- cessive high incomes in order to narrow the income gap between the rich and the poor; the coordinated devel- opment should be promoted between urban -rural and among regional ecotiomy for the sake of narrowing the gap between urban - rural and among regional disparities ; the social security system should be established and perfected in the interests of promoting the harmonious development of society.