疑伪经与中国古代文学关系之检讨

On the Relationship between Apocryphal Sutras and the Ancient Chinese Literature

在国际汉学领域之佛教文学研究中,学人对重要的单部疑伪经或同类型的疑伪经较为关注,故相关成果也相对突出,但对疑伪经总体性质的认识却较有欠缺。有鉴于此,有必要从宏观角度来讨论疑伪经与中国古代文学之关系。它主要表现在四大层面:一者从文学史言,疑伪经本身就是古代宗教文学不可分割的组成部分之一;二者从思想史言,疑伪经是印度佛教中国化最直接的文本体现;三者从欣赏趣味言,疑伪经塑造的人物形象更符合中土民众的审美心理;四者从影响言,疑伪经既为后世作家提供了大量的文学创作素材,进而形成固定的母题,同时,又促成了某些佛教法会仪式的形成与流播。当然,中土固有的文学作品,也对疑伪经的撰作产生过相当的影响。

In the academic circle of internaitonal sinology, shcolars pay more attention to single Apocry- phal or Apocryphals of same kind in terms of Buddhist literature. Therefore, it is productive in this field of re- search with abundant achievements. However, there lacks recognition concerning the overall quality of all A- pocryphals. This article discussed relationship between Buddhist Apocryphal Sutras and ancient Chinese litera- ture from a macro point of view. It is mainly manifested in the four levels： （ 1 ） from ancient Chinese literary history, the Buddhist Apocryphal Sutras itself is an integral part of the ancient religious literature; （2） from the history of ideas, the Apocryphal Sutras reflects the most direct Indian Buddhism＇s process in China; （3） from the Chinese people＇s appreciating tastes, the characters shaped by the Buddhist Apocryphal Sutras have more national aesthetic psychology than those original Buddhist scriptures; （4） from the impacts, the Bud- dhist apocryphal sutras have not only provided a great deal of literary creation materials, thus forming a fixed motif, but also led to the formation of some Buddhist ceremonies. Of course, the inherent literary works in ancient China had considerable impacts on the shaping of some Buddhist apocryphal sutras.