人类中心主义与儒家仁学思想

Anthropocentrism and the Benevolence Thought of Confucianism

人类中心主义是现代性的主要特征之一,也是导致生态危机不断加重的重要原因之一,因而受到生态学者的批判。儒学是以人为中心的,但它要解决的是人的存在的价值和意义的问题,而要解决这个问题,就不能把人和自然界对立起来,而必须把人和自然界联系起来,在人与自然的不可分离的内在统一中去解决。这是儒学同人类中心主义的最根本的区别,这种解决的方式就是"天人合一"。"天人合一"的最深刻的含义之一,就是承认自然界具有生命意义,具有自身的内在价值。儒学将完成自然界的化育视为人类的神圣天职,因而追求一种"万物一体"的仁学境界。

Anthropocentrism is a principal character of modernity, and is also one of the important rea- sons of aggravating ecological crisis. Consequently, anthropocentrism was criticized by ecologists. Confucian- ism is People -centered which is dedicated to solving the problem of value and significance of Human exist- ence. So if we want to solve the problem, we should link Man with Nature, instead of putting Man and Nature at opposites. Then in the inseparable inherent unity of Man and Nature, we can solve the problem of the value and significance of Human existence. The way of solving problems is Nature and Man United as one, and this is the most fundamental difference between ＂Confucianism＂ and ＂Anthropocentrism＂. One of the most pro- found meanings about ＂Nature and Man United as one＂ is to admit that the nature possesses the meaning of life and in- house intrinsic value. Confucianism regards so it seeks the realm of ＂the Oneness in all things＂. Completing naturalreeding as Human sacred duty,so it seeks the realm of ＂the Oneness in all things＂.