平衡施肥对马铃薯肥产质量和品质的影响

Effect of Balanced Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Potato

[目的]为了研究不同肥料配比及不同气候类型对马铃薯养分吸收特性及产量的影响,以期调控其生长发育过程,为提高马铃薯产量及科学合理施肥提供理论依据。[方法]2010年在陕西华县和陕北米脂县进行马铃薯肥效试验。[结果]由于试验地土质和气候条件不同,肥料对产量的影响效果也不同。华县表现为:N>K2O>P2O5,增施1 kg N、P2O5、K2O可使马铃薯产量分别增加32.6、4.3、24.7 kg,平衡施肥处理产量可达47 916 kg/hm2;而米脂县平衡施肥处理产量为26 527 kg/hm2,增施1 kg N、P2O5、K2O可使马铃薯产量分别增加16.8、4.7、21.6 kg。在同一生长期,植株地上部分的养分含量顺序为:K2O>N>P2O5。[结论]华县施肥推荐量N、P2O5、K2O分别为363、86、301 kg/hm2,米脂县为258、82、258 kg/hm2。

[Objective] The aim was to study the different fertilizer ratio and different climate types on the absorption characteristics and yield of potato nutrients,for providing a theoretical basis for the regulation of growth and development process,improving potato production and scientific and rational fertilization.[Method] Field experiments were carried out in Hua County and Mizhi County in 2010.[Result] Due to the difference of soil and climate,the influence of N,P,K nutrients on the yield were not the same.Hua County showed as: N>K2O>P2O5,1 kg N,P2O5,K2O could increase the potato yield by 32.6 kg,4.3 kg,24.7 kg,respectively.By using balanced fertilization techniques,potato yield could reach up to 47 916 kg/hm2 in Hua County,and Mizhi County was 26 527 kg/hm2.In Mizhi County,1 kg N,P2O5,K2O could increase the potato yield by 16.8 kg,4.7 kg,and 21.6 kg,respectively.With application of balanced fertilization,farmers could save fertilizer inputs,and have the best of benefit.In same phenophase,the order of nutrient content in above-ground plant showed as: K2O>N>P2O5.[Conclusion] The total N,P2O5,K2O application rate in Hua County was 363,86,301 kg/hm2 recommended,while in Mizhi County was 258,82,258 kg/hm2.