检察权配置的制度环境探析

On the Systematic Context of Procuratorial-Power Allocation

检察权需要进一步优化配置源于其宪法与宪政地位的张力。检察权配置是指立法机关在一国宪政框架内,按照一定的立法程序,根据传统文化及社会公众领域内生的主观法权诉求,授权检察机关行使特定职权和职责的规范性活动。检察权配置的基本目标是为了更好地实现人民代表大会制度下的权力制约与监督,其终极目标是为了保障人权。检察权的配置必须考量其宪政制度、经济体制、文化传统及法治进程等相关环境因素。从力学的基本原理来看,人民代表大会制度宪政框架下,权力运行不具有双向性,权力运行缺乏动态平衡,制动装置运转失灵,"润滑系统"——公民权利救济系统不完善。我国当前处于法治国进程中的"行政国家"阶段,属于"形式法治"和"社会主义法治"的范畴。在今后相当长的历史时期内,我国法治都将处于从"形式法治"向"实质法治"的转型过程当中,这一法治图景为我们科学、理性地配置公权力和公民权利具有重大的指导意义和实践价值。

The procuratorial power needs a further optimal allocation of the tensility which is produced from the Constitution and its constitutional position. The allocation of procuratorial power is the normative activities of legislative body which authorize the procuratorial organs to exercise their special power and duty in the constitutional system according to the legislative procedure, traditional culture, and the legal-rights appeal in the public life. The basic target of the optimal allocation of the procuratorial-power is to well realize the power check and supervision in the System of People＇s Congress, and its ultimate target is to guarantee human rights. The optimal allocation of the procuratorial-power must consider the relative social context such as political system, economic system, traditional culture and judicial progress. Judging from the theory of power, under the System of People＇s Congress, the management of power is not interactional and lacks dynamic balance, and what’s more, the steering management does not work, and the ＂lubricating system＂-the public right relief-is not perfect. In the long future, China will be in the state of changing from the ＂formal legal state＂ to the ＂actual legal state＂. This prospect will actually guide us to scientifically allocate the administrative power and the public rights.