概率类别学习的认知神经机制

Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms of Probabilistic Category Learning

概率类别学习是探讨人们如何习得线索与结果之间的"概率"关系.研究者借助天气预报等任务,探讨了概率类别学习的认知策略、无意识性及其与工作记忆和注意的关系,并借助脑成像技术和脑损伤病人,探讨了基底神经节、内侧颞叶、前额叶和顶叶等脑区在概率类别学习中的作用.但是,由于概率类别学习涉及内隐和外显学习系统的分离问题,目前对其相关研究结果和理论解释还存在很大争议,概率类别学习的认知神经机制仍有待进一步研究.

In probabilistic category learning tasks, people learn incrementally the ＂probabilistic＂ association between cues and outcomes. Here, we first discussed cognitive strategies used in probabilistic category learning, the unconsciousness of probabilistic category learning, as well as the relationship between probabilistic category learning and working memory and attention. Then, we reviewed the different roles of various brain regions, including the basal ganglia, the medial temporal lobe, the prefrontal lobe and the parietal lobe, in probabilistic category learning. Finally, we suggest that probabilistic category learning might involve both implicit and explicit processes and future research is needed to further explore the cognitive and neural mechanisms of probabilistic category learning.