桂林市道路交通伤害的GIS空间分析

GIS spatial analysis on road traffic injuries in Guilin City

目的探讨地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)空间分析技术在道路交通伤害(road traffic injuries,RTI)研究中的应用价值和意义。方法运用GIS软件建立桂林市RTI地理信息数据库,并对RTI伤亡的空间分布特征进行全域空间自相关和局域空间自相关分析,并制作桂林市RTI的专题地图。结果 RTI的发生主要聚集在城市的中心地段,而远离市中心的RTI呈散发状态;全域型空间自相关分析结果显示Moran’s I值=0.067,Z=1.993(P=0.046),说明桂林市RTI的伤亡存在空间聚集性;局域空间自相关分析发现,RTI伤亡人数在城市中心地带呈高值聚类而周围围绕的是低值要素,而在远离市中心的区域RTI伤亡人数呈高值聚类。结论 GIS空间分析能以图的形式直观、准确的表明RTI伤亡的空间聚集性,能够为制定预防和控制RTI的政策提供科学依据,具有极为重要的使用价值。

Objective To explore the application value and significance of geographic information system （GIS） spatial analysis technology in the study of road traffic injuries （RTI）. Methods A geographic information database of RTI in Guilin City was established using GIS. The spatial distribution characteristics of RTI casualties were analysed with domain spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation, and then thematic maps of RTI in Guilin City were drawn. Results RTI mainly concentrated in the center of city, but were sporadic appearance far away from the center. The results of domain spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that Moran＇ s I = 0. 067, Z = 1. 993 （P = 0. 046） , which demonstrated that the casualties of RTI had spatial aggregation. Local area spatial autocorrelation analysis found that casualties of RTI in the center of city were high value clustering but with low value elements around. Casualties of RTI were high value clustering far away from the center. Conclusions GIS spatial analysis could demonstrate where the casualties of RTI had spatial ag- gregation with maps intuitively and accurately. Consequently, analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of RTI using GIS spatial analysis could provide scientific basis for preventing and controlling RTI. GIS spatial analysis has extremely im- portant applied value.