铸造作业工人死因分析

Mortality Analysis of Foundry Workers

通过 17年回顾性队列研究和潜在寿命损失年 (PYLL)分析 ,对铸造作业工人死因进行了探讨。结果表明 ,铸造作业工人以“清理工”的人年死亡率为最高 ,RR值为 2 5 (P <0 0 1) ,其次是熔化、造型和配砂 ,RR值分别为 2 2 1(P <0 0 1) ,2 13 (P <0 0 1)和 1 85 (P <0 0 5 )。观察组人年死亡率显著高于对照组 ,AR值随铸造工龄增加而升高。疾病别死亡专率分析显示 ,观察组心脏病人年死亡率显著高于对照组 ,工龄大于 2 0年和 15～ 2 0年组RR值分别是 5 96 (P <0 0 1)和 5 16 (P <0 0 1) ;肺恶性肿瘤死亡率是对照组的 3 97倍 (P <0 0 1)。PYLL结果表明 ,死因寿命损失高峰为 35～ 40岁和 5 0～ 5 5岁 ,死因别PYLL以恶性肿瘤为首位 (72 9 5 ) ,其次是意外死亡 (6 5 4 5 )、心脏病 (2 71)和工伤 (172 )等。除恶性肿瘤和意外死亡之外 ,在两个死亡年龄高峰中 ,肝脏病是影响铸造职工“早死”的前五位原因。

A retrospective cohort study and PYLL analysis were conducted to evaluate the death cause of foundry workers.The results showed that the highest relative risk occurred in shake out and finishing workers,RR=2 50(P<0 01).The RRs of pouring,molding and sand preparation were also statistically significant,RRs=2 21(P<0 01),2 13(P<0 01) and 1 85(P<0 05),respectively.The mortality rate of foundry workers was significantly higher than that of controls,and increased with the increase of the working age.When all death causes were analyzed,there was a significant increase of death risk from heart diseases including hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases,the RRs of working age >20 years,ranged from 15 to 20 years was 5 96(P<0 01),5 16(P<0 01),respectively.PYLL analysis results showed that the first early death cause among foundry workers was malignant tumor(729 5) followed by accident death(654 5),heart diseases(271)and injuries(172).The peak death age occurred in 35～ years and 50～ years.Liver diseases were the top fifth early death cause in two age death peaks besides malignant tumor and accident death.