烤烟成熟鲜烟叶10种化学成分受海拔与叶位的影响研究

Study on 10 Chemical Components of Fresh Mature Tobacco Leaves Impacted by Leaf Positions and Altitudes

为探索地域及部位对烤烟成熟鲜烟叶化学成分的影响,采用红花大金元品种在昆明烟区海拔1920和1650 m 2个试点对3个部位成熟鲜烟叶的10种化学成分进行同步研究。结果表明,①总糖、还原糖含量在叶片中自下而上的增减趋势与海拔关系密切,高海拔点呈递减趋势,低海拔点呈递增趋势,而其他8种成分的变化趋势2个点基本一致,主要受叶片生长部位控制。②成熟鲜烟叶蛋白质、总多酚和总氮含量在叶片中自下而上呈递增趋势,淀粉含量呈"抛物线"变化,下部叶和中部叶两地含量差异较小,仅上部叶含量差异较大。③成熟鲜烟叶石油醚提取物、烟碱、挥发碱和挥发酸含量均随部位的升高而递增,两地间的含量差异是上部叶最大,中部叶次之,下部叶最小。

In order to explore main chemical compositions trend among leaf-locations or altitudes for fresh mature tobacco leaves.Hongda,which a high-quality flue-cured tobacco variety planted at 2 test sites at the altitudes of 1650 and 1920 m was selected.The results showed that（i）trend of total sugar and reducing sugar among leaf-locations had a close relevance with altitudes.at lower altitude,had a increase trend from low part to the upper,but they were just the opposite at higher altitude.But trend of others were consistent between altitudes and affected by leaf-locations mainly.（ii）The contents of protein,total polyphenol and total nitrogen had a increase trend from low part to the upper,and the trend of starch was a parabola.Their contents had a little differences for the middle or lower part at two planting altitudes under fresh mature tobacco leaves.（iii）the contents of petroleum ether extract,nicotine,total volatile alkalies,total volatile acids had a obvious increasing trend from low part to the upper.And differences of the contents was upper leaves middle leaves low leaves.