水稻主要病虫综合危害损失评估试验初探

Preliminary Study of Comprehensive Damage Loss Valuation on Rice Main Dieases and Pests

为了探索水稻主要病虫综合危害对水稻产量的影响,2010年在四川的纳溪区、盐亭县、金堂县3个不同的生态稻区,采取7个不同防控病虫处理进行田间小区试验以及运用不同方法测算各处理水稻产量损失。结果表明:①从对纳溪区、盐亭县、金堂县小区和大田普查结果来看,不同生态区水稻病虫发生的种类及严重度是不同的。但是,水稻螟虫和纹枯病是常发的。稻瘟病、稻曲病和稻纵卷叶螟不是常发性的。②从完全不防治区的结果来看,常年水稻病虫发生造成的损失是很大的。仅对3个县损失测定来看,一般为117.6～157.0 kg,平均损失在135 kg左右;③农民习惯防治区的损失病虫发生为害也较重,其产量损失率在6.16%～11.34%,平均为8.12%;大田普查的结果为8.58%,这说明尽管农户也进行了防治,但是其防治技术水平还很不够。

In order to study the effect of rice production loss caused by main diseases and insects,7 control methods were used in the field plot of Naxi,Yanting and Jintang county in 2010.The results showed that the rice stem borers and rice sheath blight were normal while rice blast,rice false smut and rice leaf roller were important but not normal in three different rice planted areas.By using different methods to estimate rice production loss,the results showed that the pest and disease occurred seriously in no controlling plot with 29.33% yield decreasing while 157kg/667m2 rice yield increased in Science and Integrated Control plot.The rice yield decreased 11.34% in the plot of famer normal control because of limited knowledge.