氮、磷施用量与运筹对高钙米云光109品质及其构成因素的影响

Effect of Nitrogen Levels and Phosphate Fertilizer Managements on Quality and Component Factors of Hybrid Rice Yunguang 109

本研究利用高钙天然配方米品种云光109(钙含量为166 mg/kg),采用精确定量栽培技术、不同施氮量(纯氮B0=0 kg/hm2、B1=180 kg/hm2、B2=210 kg/hm2、B3=240 kg/hm2、B4=270 kg/hm2、B5=300 kg/hm2)与磷肥运筹(A1:磷肥作基肥一次性施入、A2:磷肥作基肥和促花肥分2次等比例施入)相结合,研究对云光109品质及品质构成因素的影响。结果表明,云光109粘糯比值不受氮肥施用量和磷肥运筹的影响,其值均约为3∶1,说明粘糯比是由遗传决定的。另外,对云光109整精米的长、宽和长宽比值没有显著影响。在磷肥作基肥和促花肥分2次等比例施入时云光109的钙含量(B4时最高,为198.7 mg/kg)都显著高于磷肥作基肥一次性施入(B0时最低,为95.31 mg/kg)和普通稻米的钙含量(70～90 mg/kg)。因此,可以通过磷肥作基肥和促花肥分2次等比例施入来提高籽粒钙含量。

The main effects of different nitrogen levels（pure nitrogen： B0=0kg/hm2,B1=180 kg/hm2,B2=210 kg/hm2,B3=240 kg/hm2,B4=270 kg/hm2,B5=300 kg/hm2） treatments and two phosphate fertilizer managements（A1： Phosphate fertilizer used only once as basal fertilizer,A2： Phosphate fertilizer used in two equal proportions as basal fertilizer and flower fertilizer） on the hybrid rice Yunguang 109（calcium content was 166mg/kg） were studied based on the precise and quantitative cultivation patterns in order to evaluate the main influences on its grain yield and its component factors.The results showed that the nitrogen levels and phosphate fertilizer managements had no effect on sticky waxy ratio of Yunguang 109,which was about 3∶ 1,indicating such character was dominated by genetic gene.In addition,there was no significant effect on the length,width and length width ratio of Yunguang 109.The calcium content of grains in A2（the highest content was 198.7 mg/kg in A2B4） was significantly higher than that in A1（the lowest was 95.31 mg/kg in A1B0）,indicating that the calcium content of grains could be improved by the phosphate fertilizer management.