优化施肥对稻-麦轮作系统氮肥利用与氮素平衡的影响

Effect of Different Fertilization Methods on Nitrogen Utilization and Balance under Rice-Wheat Rotation System

采用田间试验,研究成都平原水稻-小麦轮作下常规施肥和优化施肥对系统生产力、氮素利用及氮素平衡的影响。结果表明:优化施肥显著提高小麦、水稻产量和系统生产力,分别比常规施肥提高15.04%、20.35%和18.37%;优化施肥促进作物籽粒对氮素吸收利用,提高肥料利用率,优化施肥处理小麦氮肥利用率为28.19%,水稻为48.89%,分别比常规施肥提高11.29%和9.06%;水稻小麦轮作下,常规施肥和优化施肥处理土壤氮素盈余量分别为82.89和95.34 kg/hm2,无肥处理亏缺量为-89.04kg/hm2;氮素损失是土壤-植物体系中氮肥去向的主要形式,优化施肥显著降低小麦季氮素损失。

In this paper,the effects of different three treatments of CK,traditional fertilization（TF） and optimum fertilization（OF） on the system productivity,nitrogen utilization and balance under rice-wheat rotation system in Chengdu plain of Sichuan were studied in field trials.The results showed that optimal fertilization could improve yield of wheat and rice and system productivity significantly which were 15.04 %,20.35 % and 18.37 % more than that of TF,respectively.Optimal fertilization could promote the absorption and utilization of nitrogen for crop grain and the increase efficiency of fertilization use.Under the optimal fertilization condition,the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat was 28.19 %,while that of rice was 48.89 %,which was 11.29 % and 9.06 % more than that of TF.Under the condition of rice-wheat rotation,the soil nitrogen surplus of TF and OF was 82.89 and 95.34 kg/hm2,while the soil nitrogen deficit of no fertilization treatment was-89.04 kg/hm2.Nitrogen loss was the main form of the fate of nitrogen fertilizer in soil-plant system and optimal fertilization could decrease nitrogen loss significantly in wheat season.