土壤管理方式对新疆南部红富士苹果产量与品质的影响

Effects of Soil Management on Yield and Quality of Fuji Apple in South of Xinjiang

本文以新疆南部苹果园为对象,设置生草、覆草、免耕、清耕4种处理,研究不同管理方式对苹果产量和品质的影响。结果表明,各处理对产量影响表现为生草>覆草>免耕>清耕,生草和覆草分别比免耕提高4.44%和1.68%,比清耕高6.52%和3.70%;4种管理方式以覆草处理对果实单果重促进作用最明显,生草处理能显著改善果实着色情况,各项果实外观品质指标均以清耕处理表现最差,可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸3项指标以覆草处理表现最佳,生草次之。免耕处理对果实Vc含量的增加最为显著。综合各项指标,推荐覆草和生草为南疆干旱区适宜的果园管理方式。

The apple orchards in southern Xinjiang were taken as target to study the effect of set mulching,growing grass,no-tillage and clean tillage on the yield and qualities of different soil management.The results showed the effect on the yield were in sequence of growing grassmulchingno-tillageclean tillage.The apple yield by growing grass and mulching were 4.44 % and 1.68 % higher than that by no-tillage and 6.52 %,3.70 % higher than that by clean tillage.Mulching had the most significant effect on promoting fruit weight.Growing grass could significantly improve the color of the fruit.The clean tillage treatment showed the worst effect on all the fruit appearance qualities indicators.Mulching treatment showed the best effect on the soluble solids,soluble sugar and titratable and followed by growing grass.No-tillage had the most significant effect on increasing Vc content of fruit.In a word,mulching and growing grass should be the optimum orchard management in the southern arid area of Xinjiang.