困境中的马克思异化理论研究:一种哲学性的反思视角

Studies on Marx's Theory of Alienation—A Perspective of Philosophical Reflection

异化理论与历史唯物主义的关系问题是马克思哲学研究中的一个重要课题。长期以来,学界在这一问题上要么急于证明青年马克思的异化理论就是整个马克思的异化理论,要么耽于辩白异化理论只不过是青年马克思的一种不成熟思想,却惟独忽视了一个很重要的反思视角,即对马克思异化理论和历史唯物主义本身的建构前提重新进行双向度审视和省察。研究发现:第一,马克思的异化理论并不是建基于先验预设的抽象人性论;第二,马克思的异化理论并未事先预设一个"不异"的"本";第三,对人的物化理解,曲解人在历史唯物主义中的地位与作用是致使马克思异化理论长期被拒斥于历史唯物主义体系之外的又一个重要因素。

The relationship between the alienation theory and historical materialism is one of important topics in the study of Marxist philosophy. For a long time, the scholars on this issue have either been eager to prove that the young Marx＇s theory of alienation is the whole of Marx＇s theory of alienation or been indulged in their vindication that the theory of alienation is nothing more than an immature thought of young Marx, thereby having ignored a very important reflection perspective, i.e. the hi-directional reexamination and re-introspection of the premise for con- structing Marx~ alienation theory and historical materialism. As the study shows, firstly, Marx~ theory of alienation is not an abstract theory of human nature based on the priori default; secondly, Marx＇ s theory of alienation does not foreshadow a prefabricated an ＂non-alienated basis＂ ; and thirdly, the materialized understanding of humans and the misinterpretation of the status and role of humans in historical materialism is another major factor leading to the exclusion of Marx＇ s theory of alienation from the historical materialism system.