古今之争:春秋乐论的核心问题

Clash between Ancient Time and Present:Essential Issue of Spring and Autumn Period Theory of Music

中国文学艺术理论的核心问题在价值领域,对经典的迷恋使任何新出的文学艺术都面临严格检验,也使古今之争成为文学艺术理论史中最尖锐的问题。从历史看,中国艺术的古今之争以西周礼乐制度的确立为背景,其展开形态为春秋时期围绕音乐形成的新旧、雅俗、俭奢对立。在这一时代,古乐因为代表着伟大的传统而获得权威地位,新乐则因其欲望属性而被视为社会"礼崩乐坏"的破坏性力量,并因此缺乏存在的道德基础。至战国初期,这场争论因古乐的全面式微而趋于缓解,但却开了后世中国艺术围绕古今问题长期对立的滥觞。

The essential issue of Chinese literary and artistic theory lies in the value field and indulgence in classics puts a challenge to any newly born literature and art, which leads to the clash between ancient times and present in the literary and artistic theory field. Historically, artistic clash between the ancient times and present is based against the background of the establishment of the ritual and musical system of West Zhou Dynasty and develops in Spring and Autumn Period centered around music with the contradiction of new and old, elegance and vulgar, plainness and luxury. At that time, ancient music becomes authoritative due to its representation of great tradition, while new music is regarded as ＂damage of ritual and music＂ due to its property of its desire and lacks moral basis for its existence. Till Warring Period, this clash becomes lessened due to the declining its ancient music, but leading to the overflowing of the clash between the ancient and present concerning Chinese art.