论国际关系中有关权力分配的三种理论与战争

Three Kinds of Theories Concerning Power Distribution and War in the Field of International Relations

战争在人类社会由来已久,对于战争爆发的原因、制约战争的手段,现实主义学派内部有着不同的看法。其中,权力分配与战争的关联,成为研究、争论的一大焦点。均势论从权力的总体分配状况出发,认为权力的均衡会对战争产生制约。而权力转移论者则认为在大国间权力分配发生差异的背景下,权力的接近最易引发战争。攻防理论对权力做了进一步细分,从军事能力角度考察战争爆发的原因,并将其与其他要素结合进行考察。三种理论都从权力分配的角度解释战争,但侧重各有不同,既给我们提供了对战争的独特理解,也使得战争研究的内容更为丰富。

War has long existed in human history.For the cause of war and the means of deterring war,there are different viewpoints within the school of realism.The relevance between power distribution and war becomes one of the focuses in debate.From the perspective of overall power distribution,the theory of balance of power argues that balance of power would deter war.Whereas,the theory of power transition argues that against the background of differences in power distribution,the parity of power may easily lead to war.The Offense-defense theory subdivides the power and discusses the cause of war from the perspective of military ability,and combines it with other factors.Three kinds of theories all explain the war from the angle of power distribution,but the point of focus differs.Such explanation not only provides us with a unique understanding of the war,but also enriches the research of war.