云南森林在地史中的存在与演化

Existence and Evolution of Yunnan Forest in Geological Eras

在记述古代云南森林发展概貌的基础上,依据"唯象理论"诠释了云南森林的演变架构。云南森林在地史中的发生与发展状况表明:在古生代泥盆纪发生了孢子植物组成的原始森林,用x0来表示,由裸子植物-树种组成的"针叶林分系统",发生在中生代的侏罗纪,用x1来表示,而由被子植物-树种组成的"阔叶林分系统",则发生在新生代的第三纪,用x2来表示。当云南的环境演变为"垂直气候带"状态时,则保留着"针叶林分系统"和"阔叶林分系统",这是近代的"云南森林"现象。依杨振宁教授提出的"唯象理论"可将今天的"林学结构"分成四层,从一到二到三到四。近代的"云南森林"基本现象所表述的是由裸子植物-树种组成的"针叶林分系统"和由被子植物-树种组成的"阔叶林分系统"。从一个很广但不一定很深的领域提炼出"针叶林分现象"和"阔叶林分现象",从其"林分现象"即"唯象"着眼,归纳出云南森林的"针叶林分系统"的生态环境和生长规律,又归纳出其"阔叶林分系统"的生态环境和生长规律。"林分现象"与"森林现象"之间的关系,既是归纳的,又是推演的,这就把"森林现象"按逻辑推演常用的方法一分为二。此森林的基本现象是从一变到二,而二跟三是要变成更深的"理论结构";可用逻辑斯谛方程来表达云南森林的"针叶林分系统"和"阔叶林分系统"形成的更深的理论结构。最后的从三到四,则是把这些理论结构变成一个数学的语言,而用马尔科夫过程来刻画云南森林的状态转移概率。

On the basis of overviewing the development general picture of ancient forest in Yunnan province,the evolution framework of forest in Yunnan was explained according to phenomenological theory.The occurrence and development of forest in Yunnan indicated that the primitive forests composed of spore plants occurred in Devonian coded as x0,the coniferous stand system composed by gymnosperms occurred in Jurassic Period coded as x1,the broadleaved stand system composed by angiosperm occurred in Cenozoic tertiary coded as x2.Once the environment of Yunnan province developed to vertical climatic zone,the coniferous stand system and broadleaved stand system were kept,which was the phenomenon of modern Yunnan Forest.In accordance with the phenomenological theory proposed by Yang Zhenning,the current forestry structure could be divided into four levels.The basic phenomenon of modern Yunnan forest was the coniferous stand system and the broadleaved stand system.This paper extracted the coniferous stand system and the broadleaved stand system,seeing from the angle of stand phenomenon and phenomenological theory,the ecological environment and growth regular of the coniferous stand system and the broadleaved stand system of Yunnan were summarized.The relationship between stand phenomenon and forest phenomenon was summarized and deduced at the same time.The forest phenomenon could be divided using the common used method.The basic phenomenon of forest was changing from level one to level two,however the level two and level three tended to change to deeper ＂theoretical structure＂,the deeper theoretical structure composed of coniferous forest system and broadleaved forest system could be expressed by logistic equation.From level three to level four,was therefore characterized by changing the ＂theoretical structure＂ to the mathematical language,and Markov process could be used to describe the situation transfer probability of forests in Yunnan.