中国青少年课外体育锻炼现状及影响因素研究报告

Research Report on the Status-quo and Restrictive Factors on the Extracurricular Physical Exercise of the Teenagers in China

对中国8所城市(6个地区)青少年课外体育锻炼现状及影响因素进行了调研,结果表明:中国青少年课间及午休活动方式选择、"1h"日锻炼计划、家庭作业耗时、校内外课余时间支配、周末及节假日活动安排、锻炼方法的适用性、体质测试的严整性、赛事举办频次、场地器材满足度、班主任及文化课教师的支持度等均存在明显的地区及年级差异;经济因素、政策因素、认识与方法、习惯养成、外部条件及课业压力是妨碍青少年课外体育锻炼参与行为的6个制约因素,它们带有鲜明的性别、年级、地缘位置、学校特色及地区差异性,其中,上海(华东)6个因素的制约力最弱,沈阳(东北)制约力最强;青少年课外体育锻炼参与优势比(OR)天津(华北)第一、沈阳(东北)第四、上海(华东)最差,这一事实确证了6个影响因素只是制约青少年课外体育锻炼参与的充分条件但非必要条件;研究发现影响青少年体育锻炼参与选择模型变量17个,影响力列前8位的依次为锻炼兴趣、锻炼动机、不同年级、体育奖、学校体育特色、健身的认识度、健身方法的适用性、体质测试的严整性。

The comprehensive research has finished about teenagers extracurricular physical ex-ercise and restrictive factors in eight cities （six regions） of China which shows that there are obvious area and grade difference in teenagers about the choice of the class period break and lunch break activities,＂l hour＂ exercise plan, time-consuming in housework, time distribution about campus after school and weekend and holiday, and the applicability of the exercise meth- ods, neat formation of physical test, held frequency of game events, the satisfied degree of area and equipment and the support degree of the teacher in charge and literacy class so ; Economic pressure, sports policy, fitness knowledge and methods, fitness habits , fitness external condi-tions and their pressure are thought six big restriction factor which has the distinct difference in gender, grade, geopolitical, school features and different areas, and alse are inferenced as fully not essential conditions of hampering teenagers from extracurricular physical exercising. Shanghai region rank number one in six factors advantage （the most weak constraint force）, northeast eighth, but odds ratios （OR）of teenagers extracurricular physical exercising in north- west area rank number one , Shanghai worst ; There are 17 variables was introduced in the choice model of physical exercise for participation due to has significant effects on model, which are ranked according to influence （OR） from the first to eight for exercise interest, training motivation, grade difference, sports awards stimulation, school sports characteristics, fitness un-derstanding degree, fitness method, th neat formation of physical test.