第24～30届奥运会田径项目区域竞技优势特征及转移态势研究

Research on Regional Competitive Advantage Features and Transfer State of Track and Field Projects in the 24^(th)～30^(th) Olympic Games

区域竞技优势是区域特征与运动项目发展相适应的结果。将世界各国划分为11个区域,探讨第24～30届奥运会田径项目区域竞技优势特征及转移规律。结果显示,男子项目的竞技优势逐渐从东欧及前苏联向中北美及加勒比地区转移;女子项目随着非洲大陆地区的崛起,形成了多地区的稳定对抗。短跨类方面,中北美及加勒比地区优势明显且逐步扩大。中、长距离跑方面,非洲大陆地区在男子项目中将优势阶段性扩大;女子项目集中在东欧及前苏联和非洲大陆地区,且后者阶段性替代了前者的优势地位。跳跃类方面,男子项目集中在中北美及加勒比、东欧及前苏联和西北欧地区,竞争结构已趋于稳态;女子项目中集中在东欧及前苏联地区并始终保持稳定。投掷类方面,东欧及前苏联地区实现了实力衰退后的逐步回升。竞走方面,区域竞技实力较为分散,优势转移规律不明显。全能方面,竞技优势保持稳定,男子项目集中在东欧及前苏联和中北美及加勒比地区,女子项目集中在东欧及前苏联地区。

Regional competitive advantage is the results of adoption between region characteristic and sports development.The countries all over the world would be divided into 11 areas,and this paper discussed competitive advantage features and transfer rule of track and field projects in the 24^th- 30^th Olympic Games.The results show that competitive advantage of man project has gradually transferred from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union to North America and the Caribbean.For the women＇s events,it has formed stability against of numerous areas with the rise of the African continent area.On the short distance running and hurdling,North America and the Caribbean have obvious advantages and gradually expand.On the middle and long distance running,the African continent expanded the advantage stage in the men＇s project,the woman project focused on the Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union and the African continent area,and the latter stage replaces the former advantage.On the jumping event,the men＇s project focused in North America and the Caribbean,Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union and north-western Europe area,competition structure has already become more and more steady.Women＇s events concentrated in the Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union and remained stable.On the throwing event,the strength of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union is gradually rebounding after the recession.On the race walking event,regional competitive strength is more dispersion and advantage transfer rule is not obvious.On the All-around event,competitive advantage remained stable,the man project focused on the Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union and the North America and the Caribbean,but the female project focused on the Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.