公共健康支出、私人健康投资与经济增长:一个完全预见情况下的OLG模型

Public Health Spending,Private Health Spending and Economic Growth:An OLG Model under Perfect Foresight

本文着重考察公共健康支出对私人健康投资和储蓄的影响。其分析建立在一个完全预见下具有同质性消费者和厂商的两期OLG模型基础上,其中公共和私人的健康投资发生在第一期,第一期健康人力资本的形成取决于公共和私人健康投资的总量,两者具有完全替代性;而且公共健康投资具有一定的外部性,能影响第二期的健康人力资本存量。分析结果表明:(1)资本产出份额越大,健康人力资本的折旧速度越慢,经济体的稳态值越高。而且,外生的技术参数和税率水平的变化具有经济增长的水平效应。(2)经济发展存在着门槛限制。在经济发展的低水平阶段,储蓄中物质资本所占份额相对越大,或者健康投资中公共投资所占比重小都不利于经济体突破门槛条件。而在较高发展阶段,沿平衡增长路径,政府应适当减少对公共健康投资的融资,释放经济体中私人部门的投资活力,以实现稳态时更高的人均资本存量水平和产出水平。(3)在经济发展的任何阶段,促进技术水平和劳动生产率的提高都有利于经济发展。

Based on a two - period OLG model with homogenous consumers and firms under perfect foresight, this paper explores the effect of public heahh spending on private health spending and saving. In this model, both public and private health investment are provided in the first period of life, and these two types of health investment are totally substitutes. However, there exists positive externality of public health spending,which augments the efficient labor supply in the second period when people get old. Results show that （ 1 ）with higher capital share and lower depreciate rate of health,the steady - state output per capita would be higher. Moreover, exogenous changes of technology parameter and tax rate have level effect on economic growth; （2） With threshold condition during the process of economic development, on the primacy stage of economic growth, government should spend more on health compared with high - level stage, thus help to foster the physical capital information and break through the threshold condition ; （3） Government should encourage technology innovation and labor efficiency enhancement to boost economic growth at any time.