引入石河子地区的苹果品种抗寒性检测

Research on cold resistance of apple cultivars introduced in Shihezi area

【目的】为了检测引进苹果品种在石河子的抗寒适应性,筛选出具有较好抗寒性的品种,【方法】以引入的21个苹果品种为材料,选取苹果品种的1 a枝条分别在4、-15、-20、-25、-30、-35℃下进行处理,测定其萌芽率、相对电导率及其logistic曲线并计算临界半致死温度(LT40)、脯氨酸、丙二醛、可溶性蛋白含量。【结果】低温诱导后‘国光’的发芽率显著较高;‘艾达红’、‘寒富’低温诱导后相对电导率和半致死温度都显著较低;‘寒富’、‘贝拉’、‘澳洲青苹’低温诱导后脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量显著较高;‘贝当’低温诱导后丙二醛含量显著较低。【结论】21个苹果品种具有较强抗寒能力的有:‘寒富’、‘国光’、‘瑞林’、‘贝拉’、‘澳洲青苹’;抗寒力较弱的品种有:‘老笃’、‘红魁’、‘小黄’、‘甜麦’。

【Objective】In order to select the variety with high cold resistance,21 apple cultivars introduced in Shihezi area were used to compare their tolerance to cold resistance.【Method】 1-year-old dormant shoots were collected as the materials for measuring bud germination rate,relative conductivity,semi-lethal temperatures（LT40） and biochemical indexes such as soluble protein,free proline and aldehyde under different low temperatures at 4 ℃,-15 ℃,-20 ℃,-25 ℃,-30 ℃ and-35 ℃.【Result】 The results showed that the germination rate was significant higher in ＇Ralls Janet＇ than in other cultivars under the low temperature conditions;The relative conductivity and semi-lethal temperatures（LT40） were significant lower in ＇Idared＇ and ＇Han Fu＇;The contents of soluble protein and free proline were significant higher in ＇Han fu＇,＇Vista Bella＇ and ＇Granny Smith＇ than in other cultivars;The aldehyde was significant lower in ＇Bedan＇ than in other cultivars.【Conclusion】 Results indicated that ＇Vista Bella＇,＇Han Fu＇,＇Ralls Janet＇,＇Judeline＇ and ＇Granny Smith＇ have higher cold resistance,while ＇Lodi Early Gloden＇,＇Red Astrachan＇,＇Petite Jaune＇ and ＇D.Moen＇ have lower cold resistance among twenty-one cultivars.