不同修剪方式对柑橘产量、品质的影响及效益研究

Effect of pruning methods on yield and quality of Citrus and its economic benefits analysis

【目的】研究不同修剪方式对产量、果实色泽、品质和效益的影响,为柑橘简易修剪方法提供参考。【方法】连续2 a对重庆忠县2002年定植的‘哈姆林’甜橙进行精细修剪、开天窗回缩修剪、开门修剪和不修剪处理,试验前后测量各处理树体生长量和处理后产量,按国家标准GB8210-87方法测定果实理化性状,用日本美能达CR-10色差仪测定果实色泽,记录生产成本,用Excel进行数据处理,用SPSS Statistics17.0软件进行统计分析和差异显著性检验。【结果】结果表明,柑橘树修剪成本从大到小依次为精细修剪>开天窗回缩修剪>开门修剪>对照,病虫害防治成本从大到小依次为对照>开门修剪>开天窗回缩修剪>精细修剪,产量和品质从高到低依次为精细修剪>开天窗回缩修剪>开门修剪>对照。【结论】总体效益精细修剪>开天窗回缩修剪>开门修剪>对照。对于结果树而言,精细修剪适宜小面积的、生产精品果实的果园;开门修剪适宜干性不强、内部枝充实的柑橘树的果园;开天窗回缩修剪适宜大面积生产上推广应用;不修剪会严重影响产量和果实品质。

【Objective】The effects of different pruning methods on production and quality of citrus and economic benefits were studied in order to provide the reference for simple pruning of citrus.【Method】Hamlin sweet orange were planted in 2002,and treated by the different pruning methods of fine pruning,retractive pruning with removing top branch,retractive pruning with removing southeast branch and no pruning from 2010 to 2011.Before and after treating,a series of index were measured such as tree growth,fruit production,fruit physical and chemical index,and fruit color.In addition,the production cost was recorded.Excel and SPSS Statistics 17.0 were used to analysis this database.【Result】The results showed that the cost for tree pruning depended on method,the order was fine pruning retractive pruning with removing top branchretractive pruning with removing southeast branchcontrol,and the cost for disease and pest control of tree was controlretractive pruning with removing southeast branch retractive pruning with removing top branchfine pruning,and the production and quality are fine pruningretractive pruning with removing top branchretractive pruning with removing southeast branch control,and the economic benefits of trees were fine pruningretractive pruning with removing top branch retractive pruning with removing southeast branchcontrol.【Conclusion】These results suggested that different ctirus trees should be carried out different pruning methods.In general,fine pruning is suitable for the small orange orchard aiming at producing high quality fruits,and retractive pruning with removing southeast branch is fit for the orange trees without main branch but with abundant internal branches.The retractive pruning with removing top branch is suitable for the large scale citrus production.However,no pruning could seriously influence the production and quality of citrus.