同轴静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈多孔中空超细纤维

Preparation of porous hollow polyacrylonitrile ultrafine fibers by coaxial electrospinning

为制备较理想的多孔中空结构纤维,以聚丙烯腈/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液作为皮层纺丝液,先后以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液,聚氧化乙烯/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/乙醇溶液为芯层纺丝液,进行同轴纺丝制备复合纤维,然后分别在去离子水中经超声振荡析出水溶性高聚物,所得纤维由场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)进行表征。结果表明:以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液为芯层纺丝液时,同轴纺丝并经过后处理得到的纤维孔和中空结构都比较少;而以聚氧化乙烯/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液为芯层纺丝液时只能得到具有致密多孔结构的纤维;只有以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/乙醇溶液为芯层纺丝液时可以制备聚丙烯腈多孔中空超细纤维。

To obtain a kind of desired porous hollow fibers,with ployacrylonitrile（PAN）/polyvinyl pyrrolidone（PVP）/N,N-dimethylformamide（DMF） mixture solution as sheath spinning solution,and PVP/DMF,polyoxyethylene（PEO）/DMF and PVP/ethanol（EtOH） as core spinning solution respectively,composite ultrafine fibers were prepared by coaxial electrospinning.The water-soluble polymers in the composite ultrafine fibers were removed by deionized water ultrasonic vibration.The obtained ultrafine fibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）.The FESEM observation revealed that the hollow ultrafine fibers had inadequate pores when PVP/DMF solution was used as the core spinning solution;the ultrafine fibers displayed compact porous structure when PEO/DMF solution was used;and porous hollow PAN ultrafine fibers could be fabricated only when PVP/EtOH solution was used.