宋元史学家胡三省《通鉴释文辩误》语言学考释

Linguistics Studies on Tongjian Shiwen Bianwu of the Historian Hu Sanxing between the Song and Yuan Dynasty

宋元史学家胡三省之《通鉴释文辩误》蕴含了较为成熟的语言观及史籍专名语义考释的方法和原则。语言观主要包括对外来词、行业用语和专有名词等的语言特征的认识及其语言发展观。在史籍专名语义考释的方法上融史学和文献学思想于语言研究,源流并重,纵横结合。考释原则上重视参考文献的时代性,训释对象的民族性和同名异实现象等。胡三省及其《通鉴释文辩误》的学术思想不但对元明《通鉴》学研注一派影响重大,在史学界和文献学界有承前启后之功,其语言观及语义考释方法和原则对后世也有开启作用。

The historian Hu Sanxing between the Song and Yuan dynasty, whose Tongjian Shiwen Bianwu implicates significant outlook on language and the paraphrasing rules and methods about proper noun in historical books. The main outlooks on language include the semantic character of loanwords, professional Terms and proper noun and the conceptions of language development. In his paraphrasing methods about proper noun in historical books, he digested the thought of historiography and philology historical linguistics within language studies, laid equal stress on origin and current situation, combined landscape orientation and portrait. In his paraphrasing rules, he attached importance to the epochal character of documents, the nationality of objects and the different things with the same name. The academic thought of Hu Sanxing and his Tongjian Shiwen Bianwu not only had a profound influence on school of Tongiian annotation during the Yuan and Ming dynasty but inherited the past and ushered the future in the field of historiography and philology historical linguistics, meanwhile, his outlooks on language and paraphrasing rules and methods unlocked the neoteric linguistics.