1988—2011年某煤业集团煤工尘肺病例构成的动态分析

Dynamic composition analysis of coal workers'pneumoconiosis occurred from 1988 to 2011 in a coal group

目的研究某煤业集团煤工尘肺的发病现状及煤工尘肺病的流行趋势,为该集团乃至全国尘肺病防治工作提供科学依据。方法煤工尘肺病例按全国统一的"尘肺病例卡"、诊断证明书、档案资料等结果,逐项进行统计;尘肺病分期在不同年代分别按照相应的标准进行分期。所收集资料中剔除资料不全的病例,建立数据库。结果1 509例被调查的病例中,煤工尘肺Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期构成比分别为98.5%(1 486/1 509)、1.2%(18/1 509)、0.3%(5/1 509)。平均潜伏期为(36.2±10.4)a,平均发病年龄为(58.6±10.4)岁,平均接尘工龄为(25.9±7.4)a。混合工和纯掘工所占的比例较大,分别为31.2%和19.1%。不同确诊年代的工种构成中,混合工和纯掘工构成比一直保持在较高水平。平均潜伏期和接尘工龄随着年代的延伸,没有明显变化趋势(P>0.05)。平均发病年龄有年轻化的趋势,各组之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同工种煤工尘肺平均潜伏期比较,差异有统计学意义(F=5.252,P<0.01)。不同工种煤工尘肺平均发病年龄比较,差异有统计学意义(F=2.369,P<0.05)。不同工种平均接尘工龄比较,差异有统计学意义(F=5.497,P<0.01)。结论该煤业集团煤矿接尘工人中,煤工尘肺期别构成表现为Ⅰ期煤工尘肺所占比例较大,Ⅱ、Ⅲ期所占比例偏低。纯掘工的发病潜伏期、接尘工龄较短,发病年龄较小。

Objective To study the present situation and epidemiological trend of coal workers pneumoeoniosis（CWP）, and to provide scientific criteria for this group and nationwide prevention and control of CWP. Methods The cases surveyed according to unified national method of registration ＂pneumoconiosis case card＂, diagnostic certificates, medical records, and so on. Pneumoconiosis was classified according to corresponding standards（1957,1963,1986,2003, and 2009 standards）. The cases with incomplete data were excluded, Database was established by epidata and processed with spss16.0. Results A total of 1509 cases were investigated. Among them the stage I CWP occupied 98.5% （1486/1509）, stage II 1.2%（18/1509）, and stage III 0. 3%（5/1509）. The average latency was（36.2±10.4）a. The average age of being diagnosed was（58. 6±10.4）. The average years of exposure were（25.9：J：7.4）a. Workers with mixed jobs （31.2%）and pure tunnelers （19.1%）shared a larger proportion. Workers with mixed jobs and pure tunnelers maintained at a high level in the composition throughout years. The average latency and years of exposure did not change as the age extended（P〉0. 05）. Average age of being diagnosed became younger. The difference was statistically significant between the groups（P〈0.05）. The latency（F= 5. 252,P〈0.01）, years of exposure（F= 5. 497,P〈0.01）, and age of being diagnosed（F= 2. 369 , P〈0. 05 ） were different between groups of different jobs, among them the pure tunnelers were shorter than others. Conclusions CWP of stage I accounted for large proportion; and the proportions of stage II and III were small in this coal mine group. The latency, years of exposure, and age of being diagnosed of pure tunnelers were shorter than others.