职业性急性中毒患者的心理状况及相关因素研究

Study of mental status and related factors in patient with occupational acute poisoning

目的探讨职业性急性中毒患者的心理健康状况及可能影响其发展的心理社会因素。方法采用心理卫生自评量表(SCL-90)等心理量表按2∶1匹配对100例职业性急性中毒患者的心理状况及相关因素进行对照研究。结果SCL-90评定结果表明,急性中毒组在躯体化、强迫、人际关系、焦虑、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、偏执及睡眠、饮食障碍9个因子分均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),其中尤以躯体化、焦虑及睡眠、饮食障碍等症状为突出。抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)评定结果表明,急性中毒组的抑郁标准分(41.52±10.23)和焦虑标准分(43.37±10.40)明显高于对照组,其抑郁和焦虑发生率为56%和62%,均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)评定结果表明,急性中毒组的神经质(N)的评分(62.45±16.37)明显高于对照组(47.44±15.13),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而其余3组症状评分与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评分表明,中毒组的主观支持、客观支持和对支持利用度均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论职业性急性中毒患者的心理健康状态可能对病情的发展及预后起重要作用,因此对患者的心理干预治疗可能有重要意义。

Objective To investigate the mental health status of patients with occupational acute poisoning and potential social impact for its development. Methods 100 patients with occupational acute poisoning and 50 health controls were investigated. The mental health status and its related factors were evaluated with questionnaires SCL--90 etc. Results SCL--90 results showed that nine factors including somatization, force, interpersonal relationships, anxiety, depression, hostility, phobia, paranoid and sleep and eating disorders of the acute poisoning group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P〈 0.01）, especially distinctive in symptoms of somatization, anxiety and sleep and eating disorders. SDS and SAS evaluation results showed that standard scores of depression（41.52 ± 10.23）and anxiety standard scores （43.37±10.40）of the acute poisoning group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The incidence rates of depression and anxiety（56% and 62%）were significantly higher than those of the control group （P〈0.05）. EPQ evaluation results showed that neuroticism （N） score （62.45 ± 16.37 ） of the acute poisoning group was much higher than that of the control group （47.44±15.13）, the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.01）, while symptom scores of the remaining three groups showed no statistically significant difference in comparison with the control group（P〉 0.05）. SSRS scores showed that subjective support,objective support and support utilization of the poisoning group were significantly lower than those of the control group（P〈0.01）. Conclusions The mental health status of patients might play an important role in the development and prognosis of occupational acute poisoning. Providing appropriate psychological interventions would be important in treatment of patients with occupational acute poisoning.