新中国成立初期民族自治地方行政建制研究

Research on Organizational System of Administration at Autonomous Areas of Nationalities in the early of New China

新中国立足民族平等、团结、互助、和谐,在成立初期确立并实施民族区域自治制度,统筹民族关系、经济社会发展和历史实际,通过民主协商与选举,在少数民族聚居区建立自治机关,创建了各级各类民族自治地方。民族区域自治是新中国民族自治地方行政建制的历史由来与依据。民族自治地方从统称的"民族自治区"及其改建、扩建、合建和新建,以及由民族民主联合政府向民族区域自治过渡等,发展到"自治区、自治州和自治县"三位一体,辅之以民族乡、民族镇和民族区,比较充分地实现了民族自治与区域自治、政治因素与经济因素的有机结合,以及民族区域自治实现形式在行政建制上的灵活性与多样性,奠定了当代中国民族区域自治制度的体制机制的基础与核心。

Based on national equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony, new China established and implemented regional national autonomy system in the early stage, made overall plans to national relations, economic and social development and history practice. Through democratic consultations and elections, new China established autonomy offices in the regions where minorities lived in compact communities and autonomous areas of nationalities in different levels and kinds. Regional national autonomy was the historical cause and basis of new China＇ s organizational system of administration at autonomous areas of minority. Autonomous areas of nationalities referred as the ＂autonomous regions of nationalities＂ and its reconstruction, expansion, cooperative construction and new construction, the transition from national democratic coalition government to the regional national autonomy and so on developed to the ＂ trinity＂ of autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties and supplemented with national countryside, national towns and national areas. All of those fully achieved the intrinsic combinations of national autonomy and regional autonomy and political factors and economic factors, as well as the flexibility and diversity of regional national autonomy forms at organizational system of administration and laid the foundation and core of the institutional mechanisms of the contemporary China＇ s regional national autonomy system.