6-12岁儿童抑制能力的发展:来自停止信号任务的证据

The Development of Inhibition Ability in 6-12 Years Old Children:Evidence from the Stop Signal Task

利用停止信号任务考察了202名一至六年级小学生抑制能力的发展趋势。被试完成一个视觉上的图形判断任务,在25%的试次中,呈现一个声音信号要求被试抑制反应。以无停止信号下的反应时来衡量反应执行能力,用停止信号反应时(SSRT)来衡量反应抑制能力。结果发现,反应抑制能力随着年龄增长而提高,具体表现为五六年级儿童的抑制能力优于三四年级和一二年级学生的抑制能力。对于反应执行能力,三四年级与一二年级没有差异,而五六年级的成绩显著优于其他年级。结果表明,五六年级儿童的反应执行能力和反应抑制能力都有显著发展。

The stop-signal task was used to investigate the development of inhibitory control. A group of 202 participants, age 6 to 12 years, performed a visual reaction time （go） task and attempted to inhibit their response to the go task when hearing one presented tone （750Hz） , which presented on 25% of the trials. Measures of response execution and inhibition were assessed by using response times to the go signal （Go RT） and stop signal （SSRT） respectively. The results indicated that SSRT gets faster with increasing age throughout childhood. In addition, strong evidence was also obtained for age-related speeding in Go RT in 11-12 years old children than in 6-10 years old children. The findings suggested that the response execution and response inhibition had significant development in 11-12 years old.